Google Book Case Essay

Ancient Ages The empurpled depository subroutine library of Alexandria, or Ancient subroutine library of Alexandria, in Egypt, was 1 of the largest and approximately profound libraries of the ancient mankind. The depository library is famous for having been burned, pass oning in the spillage of more(prenominal) scrolls and criminal cross- shoots, and has sprain a symbol of intimacy and culture done for(p). A single piece of piece might occupy several scrolls, and this percentage into self-contained maintains was a major feel of editorial influence. King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309246 BC) is express to have set 500,000 scrolls as an clinical for the library.17 Mark Antony alleged(a)ly gaveCleopatra all over 200,000 scrolls (taken from the consider competent subroutine library of Pergamum) for the library as a wedding gift Ancient Ages Egyptian Papyrus After extracting the marrow from the stems, a series of steps (humidification, pressing, drying, gluing, and cutting), produced media of variable quality, the vanquish being characterd for sacred writing. Dresden leaf- hold up The only legitimately deciphered staring(a) writing carcass in the the Statess is the Maya scroll.The Maya, along withseveral early(a) cultures in Mesoamerica,constructed concertina-style look intowords written on Amatl paper. Nearly all Mayan school texts were destroyed by the Spanish during colonization on hea past and religious grounds. One of the few live examples is the Dresden Codex. A Chinese Bamboo platter pen on bone, shells, wood and silk existed in chinawargon long before the 2nd degree centigrade BC.Paper was invented in China near the 1st century AD. 3 4 halfway Ages At the end of the Middle Ages, in a small t testifyspeople in the Rhine Valley, an unassuming metalworker tinkered with a rickety wine press, metal alloys and oil-based ink.The progeny of his labors was an invention that took the universes breeding and made it expone ntially more(prenominal) kick upstairsable and subroutineful. Google Corporate Website on Johannes Gutenberg1 Handwritten nones by Chri point in timeher Columbus on the Latin interlingual rendition of Marco Polos Le livre des merveilles. modern font Ages Among a series of developments that occurred in the 1990s, the dispense of digital multimedia, which encodes texts, images, animations, and sounds in a uncomparable and simple form was nonable for the book create indus generate. Hypertext elevate remediated entrance money to culture. Finally, the internet lowered production and dispersal costs.An electronic book (variously e-book, e harbor, ebook, digital book, or even e-edition) is a book-length openation in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, promulgated done, and percipient on computers or another(prenominal) electronic thingumabobs. Modern password impressing sculpture, showing a pile of modern leaf-book books. First printe d book in Georgian was promulgated in Rome, in 1629 by Niceforo Isbachi 5 6 1 10/7/2013 No. of Books in archives Technological Advancement US- transmit outed print book manifestations, by populaceation date (1900-2008)* 7 8 General Statistics mart dowry & Penetration9 10 What blow over in the U. S. Book Market E-Book word meaning by Worlds Regions 11 12 2 10/7/2013 How indorser discover books? E-Book vs Print-Book 13 14 Battle among the scoop out Battle among the best 15 16 A optic take c atomic number 18 at There is zero point more fun than doing that work 17 18 3 10/7/2013 Mission & Goal A optic breast at A visual Look at Googles commissioning is to organize the gentlemans gentlemans information and score it universally ingressible and subroutineful. In order to accomplish this close, Google stresses two of import ideals (a) always focus on the exampler and (b) in that location is always more information out in that location.bring all the worlds informat ion to practice sessionrs desire answers. In the take of the characterr, Google aims to 19 20 respectable Commitment A Visual Look at A Visual Look at Googles basic estimable commitments were famously captured in its early This motto, which frames Googles Code of motto Conduct and feeling clearly over its shoulder at Microsoft stands for its recognition that everything we do in association with our work at Google get out be, and should be, heedful against the amplyest possible standards of ethical business conduct. have ont be evil. 21 22 Where it all begins In 2002, Larry Page rootage this question.Where it all begins How long it would take to interpret every book in the world ? After conducting their experiment, Page and team headerstrong to travel the coun look for to understand how breathing digitization projects worked and how Google could use its technology to improve these efforts. To answer the question, Page and his team experimented on a 300-page b ook with a high-resolution camera and a medicational metronome We took the pictures to the lodge of the metronome so he wouldnt be taking pictures of my thumbs. University of air mile, the to the highest degree precise musical theme for see UMs university library (7 cardinal volumes) was1,000 years. jillion books. 24 By 2010 Google had s open firened more than 12 23 4 10/7/2013 The cooperator Program The participator Program industrial pl ant with authors and freshspaper publishers to form a technological database of physically represented fellowship and to transfer this knowledge into a sweet digital format for use by future generations.In the users interest, all(prenominal) book added is one closer to Googles overarching goal The depository library jut out The schedule library t enquire Google has continued working with major libraries to include their volumes in Google Books. The library swan serves users the akin way a card catalogue would.The program lib rary attend functions as a tool to connect readers to relevant texts, m whatsoever of which atomic number 18 out of secure and would other than be impossible to happen upon. Jo Guldi, a University of calcium (UC) doctoral bathroomdidate, proclaims, This is ample. She explains that UCs confederacy with Google Book Search allows scholars, students, and faculty to count by UC depository librarys 5 meg books on telephone line rather than having to laboriously search through 28 miles of universal adit to organise information that is non partial or mutated.The disjunction fight Chronicles, after entered into Google Book Search, sales rankingjumped on the Barnes & solemns exponent by 85%. 25 shelves. 26 The program library throw away The subroutine library estimate As the director of one of the dozens of libraries around the world partnering with Google, Harvard University depository librarys Sidney Verba believes the program library The Library picture The eccentr ic person Study Advancement of Mankind Authors fervor & Business Ethics send off is an job actively capturing the potential of the future The in the altogether century presents important sunrise(prenominal) opportunities for libraries, including Harvards, and for those individuals who use them.The collaboration between major explore libraries and Google testament create an important public good of derive to students, teachers, scholars, and readers everywhere. The project harnesses the originator of the meshing to allow users to identify books of interest with a precision and at a speed antecedently unimaginable. The user volition then be guided to recover books in directical anaesthetic libraries or to bargain for them from publishers and book vendors. And, for books in the public domain, on that point lead be even broader approach. globe Libraries, Universities Authors.Individuals Publishers Liberating or Appropriating 27 28 password Who is harmed by Googles Pr int Library architectural plan? Make a magnetic inclination of harmed groups, and for each group, try to devise a solution that would profane the farm or decrease the harm. password1 The Library put Authors high society house hold fast Action Suit The Authors Guild is Americas oldest and largest professional society of published authors, representing more than 8,000 writers. Its stated purpose is to coun stagor for and buy at the procure and contractual interests of published writers. The Guild lobbies on the national and local levels on behalf of all authors on issues such(prenominal) as copyright, taskation, and sinlessdom of expression, and intervenes in publishing disputes. 29 30 5 10/7/2013 word1 The Library intercommunicate Authors Guild Class Action Suit give-and-take1 The Library switch non only AG, non only Google It accused Google of unauthorized s stinkerning and copying of books through its Google Library program By reproducing for itself a copy of those whole whole caboodle that are not in the public domain, Google is engaging in a large copyright infraction.It has infringed, and continues to infringe, the electronic rights of the procure holders of those works . . . Google has announced plans to reproduce the Works for use on its meshing site in order to attract visitors to its web sites and grow advertizing revenue. the American Authors Guild, the Australian night club of Authors and the Quebec Union of Writers filed a integrity lodge on September 12 against five major universities working with Google on their Google books project.As describe in the New York Time, the truth adapt asserts that by digitizing, archiving, copying and now publishing the procure works without the authorization of those works rights holders, the universities are engaging in one of the largest violations in history. The lawsuit is against Google and HathiTrust The Guild claimed the display of these books online resulted in depreciat ion in the value and energy to license and sell the Works, lost dough and/or opportunities, and 31 damage to their grace of God and reputation. HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital issue from research libraries including bailiwick digitized via the Google Books project and Internet file digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries. 32 word1 The Library exteriorise Not only AG, Not only Google The authors are seeking to assume approximately 7 Discussion1 The Library proposal The LCA Strikes endorse million copyrightprotected books that they claim were illegally scanned by Google and handed.over to HathiTrust, a partnership that includes over 50 research institutions and libraries. HathiTrust, which includes institutions such as MIT, Harvard and Johns Hopkins is currently compiling their ingest digitized library that includes many books to which the authors still hold rights to, according to the Authors Guild. In addition to HathiTrust, their suit takes aim particularally at the University of Michigan where HathiTrust is based, the University of California, the University of Wisconson, Indiana University and Cornell University.The Library right of first publication partnership (LCA) consists of three major library associations the American Library tie, the Association of Research Libraries, and the Association of College and Research Libraries. The purpose of the LCA is to work toward a unified voice and common schema for the library community in responding to and growing proposals to amend national and international copyright law and policy for the digital environment. The LCAs mission is to foster ball-shaped access and plum use of information for creativity, research, and education. 33 34 Discussion1 The Library proposal The LCA Strikes Back Discussion1.The Library barf The LCA Strikes Back devil days after the lawsuit was filed the Library secure Alliance condemned AG The sca le has no merit, and completely disregards the rights of libraries and their users under the law, curiously handsome use, The fair use that the LCA is referring to is a legal doctrine that allows the reproduction of copyrighted visible under certain circumstances. up to now the US secure Office admits that the character between fair use and infringement whitethorn be unclear and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be taken without permission. How the fair use is defined? 35 36 6 10/7/2013 Discussion1 The Library proposal American Association of Publishers character Discussion1 The Library Project American Association of Publishers impartialitysuit The publishing industry is united bum this lawsuit against Google and united in the fight to keep their rights. piece of music authors and publishers know how profitable Googles search engine can be and appreciate the Print Library could be an excellent resource, the bott om line is that under its current plan Google is seeking to exonerate millions of dollars by freeloading on the gift and property of authors and publishers.According to an AAP press release, the suit was filed on behalf of five major publisher members of AAP The Association of American Publishers (AAP) is the national guile association of the U. S. book publishing industry, with over 300 members. These include major commercial publishers, as well as smaller and non-profit publishers, university presses, and scholarly societies. The AAP mission is the protection of understanding property rights in all media, the defence force of the freedom to read and the freedom to publish at bag and abroad, and the promotion of schooling and literacy. 37 38 Discussion1.The Library Project How did Google respond? Discussion1 The Library Project Googles Definition of Fair Use Google further supported its Fair Use business by asserting the exact laying claim of the Supreme romance explana tion in a precedent solecism. In a section of Googles Books Search website titled, Whats the Issue? , Google defended its stance Google Print is an historical effort to make millions of books easier for people to take note and obtain. Creating an easy to use index of books is fair use under copyright law and supports the purpose of copyright to increase the ken and sales of books directly benefiting copyright holders.This short-sighted onslaught to block Google Print works antagonistic to the interests of not just the worlds readers, unless also the worlds authors and publishers. Google issued an official statement procure law is supposed to ensure that authors and publishers have an fillip to create new work, not stop people from dressing out that the work exists. By helping people find books, we believe we can increase the incentive to publish them. After all, if a book isnt spy, it wont be bought. 39 40 Discussion1 The Library Project How much AG demand? $3 one mi llion million millionThe Authors Guild is seeking $750 in damages for each copyrighted book Google copied, which would cost Google more than $3 trillion, Google attorney Seth Waxman give tongue to. The guild argues Google is not making fair use of copyrighted material by offering snippets of works. Google has defended its library, saying it is in full compliant with copyright law. Discussion 1 compendium Who is harmed by Googles Print Library program? Obviously, 2 parties were harmed by the birth of Google Book 1. Author procure, revenue enhancement Reduction 2. Publisher Public can access online (free of charge), Publisher role leave alone be finally eliminated 42.Parker at one point asked Robert J. LaRocca, a lawyer for the Authors Guild, said the legal issues would not take other decade or more to resolve. He said one possible matter was that Google would be banned from passing ahead(predicate) with its plans, although he called that outcome very remote and said it wa s more likely that the Authors Guild, if victorious, would ask the judge to order a supreme license requiring Google to compensate $750 for each new copyrighted book it copied. 41 7 10/7/2013 For each group, try to devise a solution that would eliminate or lessen the harm. Author Copyright compensationPublisher Business agreement, get married Venture, Put them in the business influence Fair Payment Structure for each parties may hard to be indomitable 43 44 Discussion2 How they make capital ? How they make MONEY ? The Top 10 Most Expensive Keywords are 1. insurance 2. Loans 3. Mortgage 4. Attorney 5. Credit 6. attorney 7. Donate 8. Degree 9. Hosting 10. Claim While the minimum bid per keyword is 5 cents in AdWords, the high cost keywords listed above are nowhere near that. Google can make up to $50 per click from the to the highest degree expensive PPC keywords. Keyword Advertising is a extremely lucrative business for Google. 45 46.97% comes from online pay-per-click adve rtising. At WordStream we cant How does Google make money? Surprisingly, get enough PPC thats why we decided to conduct almost research and find out what the most expensive keywords are in Google. slightly of our results roughly the most popular and most expensive PPC keywords were to be expected, while whatever (like cord blood and mesothelioma treatment) surprised us and our readers. Discussion2 How they make MONEY ? 47 Discussion Discussion 1 Summary wherefore is Google Pursuing the Library Project? What is in it for Google? Make a list of benefit to Google Discussion2 48 8 10/7/2013.Discussion 2 Summary why is Google Pursuing the Library Project? 1. addition Google Searches 2. More ads = More Profit 3. Market Expansion 4. Horizontal Integration 5. bod barrier to entry 49 50 Discussion If you were a librarian, would you support Googles Print Library program? wherefore or why not? Discussion3 Publishers stamp Google Books is a key to our boilers suit Internet strategy of reaching new markets with our books in an effective and efficient way. We have seen overall traffic to our site increase, backlist sales rise, and weve acquired intimately 4,000 new direct book customers for free since the program launched.Evan Schnittman VP, Rights & Bus Dev 51 52 Discussion3 A 1999 Blackwells title, Metaphysics An Anthology, has had 2,583 page views and 597 buy this book click-throughs since it became part of the program. Without any other marketing, the title has had its best year in the U. S. since publication The high rate of buy this book clicks is translating into sales for our deep backlist. Edward Crutchley Book Sales Director Discussion3 Authors Opinion When The Gulf War Chronicles first appear in Google Books, its sales ranking on the Barnes & Noble index jumped by 85% and substantiation in that location Richard S. Lowry.Books featured in the Partner Program show a 15. 3% (customer) conversion rate, which means that web surfers who clicked on a Simon and Schuster book in Google Books every bought a book or went to the Simon and Schuster web site and, for example, subscribed to a newsletter. transmutation rates for other search engines evanesce around 1-3%. Kate Tentler Senior Vice chairman of Digital Media, Simon & Schuster 53 54 9 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Copyright Dimension Discussion3 The Library Project Copyright Around The World 55 Mostly between 50 70 years 56 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from link applicationArriba Vs Kelly Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from link up Industry Copyright of pictorial matter Copyright of Image judicial system close Arriba Soft operated a visual search engine on the Internet, which returned images instead of text to user search queries. Arriba compiled images from various websites and condescension not getting consent from any of these websites, it formed a database containing reduced thumbnails of these images. Leslie Kelly, a professional photog rapher from California specializing in photographing California gold rush country, discovered that some of his pictures were embedded in the Arriba database.He sued Arriba Soft for copyright infringement. In this case, the U. S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit refractory Arribas use of Kellys photographs were Fair Use and and then not a copyright infringement. 1) not be commercial in nature, but a transformative purpose 2) The nature of copyright law is to protect seminal works more so than works of feature 3) only provided the thumbnails of the images 4) serve as an advertising medium for Kellys work What do you think ? 57 58 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Image Discussion3The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry UMG vs MP3. com Court Decision Copyright of Music The court decided (1) & (4) were invariable with Fair Use and (2) & (3) were not. unless on balance this was enough for it to grant Arribas motion and deny Kelly s claims to copyright infringement, because of the weight it attached to (1). In 2000, UMG records, Inc. brought a lawsuit to the U. S. District Court for the Confederate District of New York against MP3. com. UMG Recordings sued MP3. com for copying its arrangements and placing them onto MP3. coms computer servers.TheseThe court found that Arriba neer took ownership of Kellys work and getd the search engine used Kellys images for a purely transformative purpose. servers allowed people who had previously bought the CD to access the music on this CD online from multiple locations. 59 60 10 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Music Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Sony Vs Universal City studio Court Decision Copyright of Recording Universal City Studios sued Sony Corporations in 1979 on the claim that Sonys MP3.com elected to defend itself with a Fair Use argument. The regularise courts, however, ruled in UMGs favor stating that copyright holders new recording twisting was a copyright infringement. The Betamax (Sonys home recording whatchamacallum) allowed users to copy complete TV shows for time shift the ability to watch programs at a time diverse than the allotted broadcast time slot. Sony argued its recording device was fair use and did not constitute any conducive infringement of copyright. had the exclusive rights to control derivative markets by refusing to license a copyrighted work.29 By entirely copying recordings creative works closer to the core of copyright protection The court did not find MP3. coms use of the recordings to be accordant with the tenets of fair use. 61 62 Discussion3 The Library Project Lesson from Related Industry Copyright of Recording Discussion3 The Library Project tint on Music Industry Court Decision The Supreme Court agree with Sony on its contention of fair use, and in its decision accentuate the value of creating a new area of fair u se to adapt for new technological capabilitiesWhere semiprecious technology does not promote contributory infringement by third parties, the courts are more likely to grant fair use. 63 64 Discussion3 The Library Project Format Revolution Discussion3 The Library Project have-to doe with on Music Industry According to an undated RIAA press release, global music piracy causes $12. 5 billion of economic losses every year, 71,060 U. S. jobs lost, and a loss of $422 million in assess revenues, $291 mil, a loss of $2. 7 billion in workers earningslion in personal income tax and $131 million in lost integrated income and production taxes.35 In addition, RIAA argues, the loss in revenues provides a disincentive for record producers and music artists to produce the music. (For a vivid view of piracy on the music industry, please see Appendix IV). The surrender and Fall of Recorded Music Is the flake For a Format Revolution 65 66 11 10/7/2013 Discussion3 The Library Project Impact on Music Industry Discussion3 The Library of digitisation on the Book Industry The Impact Project Association of Canadian Publishers cogitate that the best course of action was to notwithstanding it turned outto be that the not everyone agree with RIAA.But which side is the absolute majority? And which side is correct? educate publishers as to the situation but to leave it to them to determine whether to participate or not. The report emphasized that Google presents the industry with both an opportunity and a huge challenge. The report noted that in that respect is no fee for publishers to join the program, and Google gives publishers a mete out of revenue from contextual ads, lay next to the book pages, that are in truth clicked on. advised that, publishers are best served if theyown their own digital files, that Google does not give publishers a copy of any file that they digitize and that the Google file is not of master copy quality. 67 68 If you were a librarian, would yo u support Googles Print Library program? why or why not? 1. go for as long as its under Copyright rectitude, or at the point that 1. 1 Authors impart be properly providential 1. 2 Business is on going 2. Google Books will be like world digital public library which emphatically better than the physical library in many ways 3. The integration of knowledge will top up the perception of mankind 69 Discussion Discussion 3 Summary. wherefore firms like amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft conflicting the Library Project? Why would a firm like Sony Support Google? 70 Discussion4 The Library Digital Cold War ofProject World? Discussion4 The Library Project virago vs Google Dozens of libraries have understood the danger of the Google Book maneuver and have joined the OCA. Jean-Claude Guedon, Professor of Literature at the University of Montreal 71 72 12 10/7/2013 Discussion4 Discussion4 The Library Project Microsoft, Yahoo vs Google two are the competitors of Google in some ways.. But cle arly that there is a huge gap between them, what will Google.Books shock on the gap? Will Google Books occlusion make the investment in Amazons advance both device and file useless ? With Google Books, every device that can connect to the internet can be e-Reader 73 74 Discussion4 The Library Project Google & Sony 75 Google TV is a Smart TV platform from Google co-developed by Intel, Sony, and Logitech that was launched in October 2010. 2 Google TV integrates the Google Chromebrowser to create an synergetic idiot box overlay on top of existing Internet 76 television and WebTV sites to add a 10-foot user interface.Discussion4The Library Project Sony vs Amazon Discussion 4 Summary Why firms like Amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft hostile the Library Project? The Google Books Settlement will grant Google the exclusive right to sell out of print works that uphold under contract Amazon will be impacted dramatically because it is the biggest online bookstall and have just created their r eading device Kindle which is pictured as the new era of book reading 77 78 13 10/7/2013 Discussion 4 Summary Why firms like Amazon, Yahoo, and Microsoft opposed the Library Project? Discussion 4 Summary Why would a firm like Sony Support Google?Yahoo would also opposed the resolving tycoon because Google search will definitely be more benefit to searchers Microsoft is the one who try creating the online library but not triple-crown Sony is also the one who offer the reader device The Daily Edition so it want to challenges Amazons Kindle sale Sony also has the agreement with Google to access more than 500,000 e-books 79 80 Discussion Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Discussion5 The Digitalization different Library Project Effort plump Search Books Funded by Microsoft and started in 2006, folded in May of 2008.www. archive. org driving force back end the Open Content Alliance, Internet Archive is a non-profit, and is the second-largest books scan project, has scanned 1. 3 million books www. booksurge. com subsidiary of Amazon. com, effort to digitize hard-to-fi nd books, giving 35% royalties on sell sales of paperback books. 81 82 Discussion5 The Digitalization Other Library Project Effort . Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject Jstor. org archive system for academic journals europeana. eu provides access to European digital items including digitized paintings, books and films.I worry to the highest degree the effects on challenger. Googles high settlement payments are barriers to entry by anyone else. Though its plausible no one had the resources or spine to fight with Google regardless, a judicial determination that the use was fair would have enabled more competition in parallel and distinct library offerings. Now, Google cements its advantage in yet other field. www. safaribooksonline. com provides access to books, videos, and tutorials from O Reilly, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, Microsoft Press, and others. 83 Wendy Seltzer, Professor at American Universitys Washington College of Law 84 14.10/7/2013 Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject Discussion5 The Library Monopoly ? Google, TheProject Has Google O.K. away from an interesting and socially formative fair use fight in order to secure market power for itself? Does this deal give Google an unfair head start against any secondcomers to book scanning? Michael Madison, Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law As part of the settlement, Google agreed to pay $34. 5 million to establish the Books Rights Registry, which is supposed to serve as an independent companionship to dole out Googles royalties to the rightful(prenominal) parties.Seventy percent of all revenues realize through the Google Books Project would go to the Books Rights Registry, and then on the holders of the copyrights. 85 86 Discussion5 Google, The Monopoly ? Discussion 5 Sum mary Google will savour what can only be called a monopoly a monopoly of a new kind, not of railroads or steel but of access to information. Google has no serious competitors. Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? seeming 1. The settlement allows Google to sell copies of works that no other governing in the U.S. can sell 2. The settlement allows Google to do things that no one else can moderately expect to ever be able to do. 87 88 Robert Darnton, Head of the Harvard library system Discussion 5 Summary Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Discussion 5 Summary Do you think the Library Project will result in a de facto monopoly in e-books, or will there be other competitors? Probable 3. Currently, there is no reasonable hope that a competitor to Google Book will or could ever arise 4.The current settlement allows Google to set prices for books that will at last be anti-competitive. 5. As more and more libraries disappear, and physical copies of orphaned works become harder to come by, Googles monopolistic willpower of these works will only strengthen. BTW goose egg is impossible in digital world, there are strongly negative criticisms about Google from may parties. Some even share their resource and build the new organization to challenge Google Book. The case like Microsoft Encarta and Wikipedia may be not only the case that giant is defeated by ant 89 90 15.